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http://www.phytochemicals.info/phytochemicals/saponins.php/
Saponins
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| Phytochemical: | Saponins |
| Properties: | Saponins have many
health benefits. Studies have illustrated the beneficial effects on
blood cholesterol levels, cancer, bone health and stimulation of the
immune system. Most scientific studies investigate the effect of
saponins from specific plant sources and the results cannot be applied
to other saponins. Cholesterol reduction Saponins bind with bile salt and cholesterol in the intestinal tract. Bile salts form small micelles with cholesterol facilitating its absorption. Saponins cause a reduction of blood cholesterol by preventing its re-absorption. Reduce cancer risk Studies have shown that saponins have antitumor and anti-mutagenic activities and can lower the risk of human cancers, by preventing cancer cells from growing. Saponins seem to react with the cholesterol rich membranes of cancer cells, thereby limiting their growth and viability. Roa and colleagues found that saponins may help to prevent colon cancer and as shown in their article "Saponins as anti-carcinogens" published in The Journal of Nutrition (1995, 125, 717s-724S). Some studies have shown that saponins can cause apoptosis of leukemia cells by inducing mitotic arrest. Immunity booster Plants produce saponins to fight infections by parasites. When ingested by humans, saponins also seem to help our immune system and to protect against viruses and bacteria. Reduce bone loss Studies with ovariectomized induced rats have shown that some saponins, such as the steroidal saponins from Anemarrhena asphodeloides, a Chinese herb, have a protective role on bone loss. Antioxidant The non-sugar part of saponins have also a direct antioxidant acitivity, which may results in other benefits such as reduced risk of cancer and heart diseases. |
| Facts about Saponins: | Saponins from Yucca and Quillaja are used in some beverages, such as
beer, to produce a stable foam. The detergent properties of saponins
have led to their use in shampoos, facial cleansers and cosmetic creams.
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| Description: | Saponins are glucosides with foaming characteristics. Saponins
consist of a polycyclic aglycones attached to one or more sugar side
chains. The aglycone part, which is also called sapogenin, is either
steroid (C27) or a triterpene (C30). The foaming ability of saponins is
caused by the combination of a hydrophobic (fat-soluble) sapogenin and a
hydrophilic (water-soluble) sugar part. Saponins have a bitter taste.
Some saponins are toxic and are known as sapotoxin. |
| Distribution: | Saponins are phytochemicals which can be found in most vegetables,
beans and herbs. The best known sources of saponins are peas, soybeans,
and some herbs with names indicating foaming properties such as
soapwort, saoproot, soapbark and soapberry. Commercial saponins are
extracted mainly from Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria. |
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